| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Richard C. Atkinson | | | Institution: | University of California | | | Year Elected: | 1980 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | | | | |
Richard C. Atkinson served from 1995-2003 as the seventeenth president of the University of California system. His eight-year tenure was marked by innovative approaches to admissions and outreach, research initiatives to accelerate the University’s contributions to the state’s economy, and a challenge to the country’s most widely used admissions examination "the SAT 1" that paved the way to major changes in the way millions of America’s youth now are tested for college admissions. Before becoming president of the UC System he served for fifteen years as chancellor of UC San Diego, where he led that campus’s emergence as one of the leading research universities in the nation. He is a former director of the National Science Foundation, past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was a long-term member of the faculty at Stanford University. His research in the field of cognitive science and psychology has been concerned with problems of memory and cognition. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Education, the American Philosophical Society, and a mountain in Antarctica has been named in his honor. | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. Rosina M. Bierbaum | | | Institution: | University of Maryland; University of Michigan | | | Year Elected: | 2023 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1952 | | | | | | |
Rosina Bierbaum is an ecologist working at the environment-science-policy interface, particularly on climate change, adaptation, and development issues. She grew up in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and became interested in tackling pollution at an early age, inspired by Rachel Carson’s books. She graduated from Boston College with a BA in English and a BS in Biology and earned a Ph.D. in Ecology and Evolution from S.U.N.Y, Stony Brook. A Congressional fellowship altered her goal of working on symbioses in marine systems but began a 20-year career in the legislative and executive branches of the U.S. Government, culminating in leading the first Environment Division of the White House Office of Science and Technology (OSTP.) Translating science into usable information has become a lifelong goal. She holds faculty appointments at both the Universities of Michigan and Maryland, in the School for Environment and Sustainability, and the School of Public Policy, respectively. She served on President Obama's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and as an Adaptation Fellow at the World Bank. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Ecological Society of America, and Sigma Xi. Rosina Chairs the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel of the Global Environmental Facility. She has lectured on every continent. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Gretchen Cara Daily | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1964 | | | | | | |
Gretchen Daily is a professor of biological sciences; the director of the Tropical Research Program at the Center for Conservation Biology; a senior fellow at CESP; and the Director of the Interdisciplinary Program on Environment and Resources at Stanford University. An ecologist by training, she is working to develop a scientific basis - and political and institutional support - for managing Earth's life support systems. Professor Daily's greatest contributions have been in developing a framework for illuminating the benefits generated by natural capital and the tradeoffs associated with alternative paths of development as a basis for implementing new conservation finance and policy. To this end, she has led interdisciplinary teams, worked closely with economists and other ecologists and authored or edited influential publications that have given the subject great prominence. She has been involved both in developing the theoretical framework and in applying it to case studies. Her efforts in this area have also led her to create the new discipline of countryside biogeography. Daily organized and is the director of the path-breaking Natural Capital Project, which seeks to align conservation and financial incentives. She has also done important studies of the carrying capacity of Earth, humanity's deteriorating epidemiological environment and the importance of equity in solving human problems. Gretchen Daily has published approximately 150 scientific and popular articles. Her most recent book, coauthored with Katherine Ellison, is The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable (2002). She was presented with the Japanese Cosmos Award in 2009. A fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2003) and the National Academy of Sciences (2005), she was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Christopher Bower Field | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | | |
Christopher Bower Field is the Perry L. McCarty Director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment and the Melvin and Joan Lane Professor for Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies at Stanford University. He earned his Ph.D., also from Stanford, in 1981. He has also worked at the University of Utah, as the Director of the Department of Global Ecology at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and at the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve.
Field has made fundamental contributions to understanding complex interactions between plants and land ecosystems, and CO2 emissions from human activities. His visionary research on the global carbon cycle showed that projections of future climate require the explicit consideration of land ecosystems and their management. His pioneering work established the links between plant photosynthesis and the global carbon budget, and also demonstrated the important role of nitrogen in limiting the uptake of carbon by natural ecosystems in a higher CO2 world. These and other insights enabled the design of effective strategies for managing agricultural fields, forests and other terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate change. He has also played critical international leadership roles in assessing impacts, adaptation and vulnerabilities related to climate change. He has used research findings to guide policy makers and business leaders in making effective choices to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change.
He is co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (2007), and received the Heinz Award (2009), the Max Planck Research Award (2013), the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2013), the Roger Revelle Medal (2014), and the Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication (2015). Field has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 2001 and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences since 2010. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2022. | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Diane E. Griffin | | | Institution: | Johns Hopkins University | | | Year Elected: | 2018 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | | | | |
Diane E. Griffin MD, PhD is University Distinguished Service Professor and former Chair of the W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Vice President of the US National Academy of Sciences. She earned her BA in Biology at Augustana College in Rock Island, IL and her MD and PhD at Stanford University School of Medicine. Her research interests are in the area of pathogenesis of viral diseases with a particular focus on measles and arboviral encephalitis. These studies address issues related to virulence and the role of immune responses in protection from infection and in clearance of infection. She has more than 400 publications and has served on multiple advisory and editorial boards. She is the US Chair of the US-Japan Cooperative Medical Sciences Program and past president of the American Society for Virology and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). She is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and Association of American Physicians, as well as the National Academy of Sciences. Among other honors, she has received the Rudolf Virchow Medal from the University of Wurzburg (2010), Wallace Sterling Lifetime Alumni Achievement Award from Stanford University (2011), FASEB Excellence in Science Award (2015), Maxwell Finland Award from the NFID (2016) and MilliporeSigma Alice C. Evans Award from the ASM (2017). | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. David A. Hamburg | | | Institution: | Weill Cornell Medical College; Carnegie Corporation of New York | | | Year Elected: | 1983 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | April 21, 2019 | | | | | | |
David Hamburg was president emeritus at Carnegie Corporation of New York, where he served as the Corporation's eleventh president from 1982-97. Under his leadership the work of the Corporation focused on education and healthy development of children and youth, human resources in developing countries, and international security issues. He established a number of task forces on education and preventing conflict which produced seminal research and policy analysis and which will continue to influence the work in these fields in the future. A medical doctor, Dr. Hamburg had a long history of leadership in the research, medical and psychiatric fields before his transition from a trustee of Carnegie to its president. An authority on psychosomatic and psychiatric diseases, he was broadly interested in human genetics and evolution. He was chief of the adult psychiatry branch at the National Institutes of Health, from 1958-61; professor and chairman of the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University from 1961-72; Reed-Hodgson Professor of Human Biology at Stanford University from 1972-76; president of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 1975-80; and director of the division of health policy research and education and John D. MacArthur Professor of Health Policy at Harvard University, 1980-83. He served as president and chairman of the board (1984-1986) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Hamburg was a member of the United States Defense Policy Board with Secretary of Defense William Perry and cochair with former Secretary of State Cyrus Vance of the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. He was a member of President Clinton's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology and a visiting professor at Harvard Medical School's department of social medicine and was the founder of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology and Government. In May 2006 Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed him to chair the newly formed United Nations Advisory Committee on Genocide Prevention. The committee provided guidance and support to the work of the UN Special Advisor on the Prevention of Genocide and contributed to the broader efforts of the UN to avert massive crimes against humanity. He was DeWitt Wallace Distinguished Scholar at the Weill Cornell Medical College and Co-Chair of the Social Medicine and Public Policy Programs. Hamburg received both his A.B. and M.D. degrees from Indiana University. He also received numerous honorary degrees during his career as well as the American Psychiatric Association's Distinguished Service Award in 1991, the Presidential Medal of Freedom at the White House in 1996, the International Peace Academy's 25th Anniversary Special Award in 1996, the Achievement in Children and Public Policy Award from the Society for Research in Child Development in 1997, and the National Academy of Sciences' Public Welfare Medal in 1998. In 2007 he received the Institute of Medicine's Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat International Award in Mental Health jointly with his wife Beatrix; similarly, they were jointly awarded the 2015 Pardes Humanitarian Prize in Mental Health from the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. David Hamburg died on April 21, 2019 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 93. | |
| 7 | Name: | Dr. Maurice R. Hilleman | | | Institution: | Merck Institute for Vaccinology & University of Pennsylvania | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | April 11, 2005 | | | | | | |
Dr. Maurice R. Hilleman is Director, Merck Institute for Vaccinology and Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania. His past career of six decades of medical research included the Squibb Research Labs, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, and the Merck Institute for Medical Research. His bibliography includes more than 500 original publications in virology, immunology, epidemiology, and infectious diseases.
Dr. Hilleman is a senior statesman and authority in the medical sciences for basic discoveries and vaccine developments. He has received numerous awards and accolades from academia, government, and industry. Among the most significant, he is an elected member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences; the Institute of Medicine of the Academy; the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Distinctive honors include the Lasker Medical Research Award; Award of the National Medal of Science by President Reagan; the Robert Koch Gold Medal (Berlin); the Prince Mahidol Award presented by the King of Thailand; the Maxwell Finland Award; the Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal; Decoration for Distinguished Science Achievement by the U.S. Secretary of Defense, and numerous lifetime achievement awards. Dr. Hilleman received his B.S. degree from Montana State University (1941), and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago (1944). He holds honorary doctorate degrees from U.S. and foreign universities.
Dr. Hilleman’s career has been devoted to both basic and applied research with breakthrough discoveries and developments in virology, cancer, immunology, epidemiology, and vaccinology. Basic research examples include the discoveries of SV40 virus and its oncogenicity, the codiscoveries of the Adenoviruses and the Rhinoviruses, purification and characterization of interferon and it’s induction by double-stranded RNA, pioneering propagation of hepatitis A virus and its growth in cell culture. He pioneered the development of numerous live, killed and recombinant vaccines including measles, mumps, rubella, MMR, varicella, Marek’s Disease, hepatitis A; both plasma-derived and recombinant hepatitis B, and the commercial evolution of vaccines against meningococci and pneumococci. He has been credited with developing more vaccines than any person and is recognized for having changed the face of the world in providing means to prevent and control a number of its most important diseases. Many consider him a living legend! | |
| 8 | Name: | Dr. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy | | | Institution: | University of California, Davis | | | Year Elected: | 2011 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1946 | | | | | | |
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy graduated summa cum laude from Radcliffe College and earned her PhD at Harvard in 1975. Currently she is professor emerita in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis. She has been elected to the California Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is the sole author of five books including The Woman That Never Evolved (1981), Mother Nature (1999), and Mothers and Others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding (2009) as well as co-editor of Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives and Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis. Her current focus is on how evolutionary perspectives can help us better understand the needs of children. She and her husband, a medical doctor, have three children and currently combine growing walnuts with habitat restoration on their farm in northern California (which can be found at www.citrona.com). In 2014 she was received the NAS Award for Scientific Publishing. | |
| 9 | Name: | Dr. Edwin D. Kilbourne | | | Institution: | New York Medical College | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1920 | | | Death Date: | February 21, 2011 | | | | | | |
Edwin Dennis Kilbourne spent his professional lifetime in the study of infectious diseases, with particular reference to virus infections. His early studies of coxsackieviruses and herpes simplex preceded intensive study of influenza in all of its manifestations. His primary contributions have been to the understanding of influenza virus structure and genetics and the practical application of these studies to the development of influenza vaccines and to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza. His studies of influenza virus genetics resulted in the first genetically engineered vaccine of any kind for the prevention of human disease. A new approach to influenza immunization has received 2 United States Patents. Following his graduation from Cornell University Medical College in 1944, and an internship and residency in medicine at the New York Hospital, he served two years in the Army of the United States. After three years at the Rockefeller Institute, he served successively as Associate Professor of Medicine at Tulane University, as Professor of Public Health at Cornell University Medical College, and as founding Chairman of the Department of Microbiology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, at which he was awarded the rank of Distinguished Service Professor. He was Emeritus Professor at New York Medical College. He was a member of the Association of American Physicians and the National Academy of Sciences and was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1994. He was the recipient of the Borden Award of the Association of American Medical Colleges for Outstanding Research in Medical Sciences and of an honorary degree from Rockefeller University in addition to other honors and lectureships. As an avocation, Dr. Kilbourne published light verse and essays and articles for the general public on various aspects of biological science. Edwin Kilbourne died on February 21, 2011, at the age of 90, in Madison, Connecticut. | |
| 10 | Name: | Dr. Richard E. Lenski | | | Institution: | Michigan State University | | | Year Elected: | 2018 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1956 | | | | | | |
Richard E. Lenski is an evolutionary biologist, one who pursues an experimental approach to watch the process of evolution in action. In an on-going experiment that he started in 1988, Lenski and his team have been monitoring and analyzing 12 populations of E. coli bacteria as they evolve in a controlled environment for almost 70,000 generations. This work has provided fundamental insights into the process of microbial adaptation, the dynamics of genome evolution, and the origin of new functions. Samples have been stored periodically in freezers, and the cells that lived in different generations can be revived and directly compared - in effect, allowing time travel. In addition to studying microbial evolution, Lenski collaborates on experiments in which computer programs self-replicate, mutate, compete, and thereby evolve in and adapt to their virtual worlds. Lenski did his undergraduate studies at Oberlin College, graduate work at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and postdoctoral research at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He began his faculty career at the University of California, Irvine, before joining Michigan State University in 1991 as the John Hannah Professor of Microbial Ecology, with sabbatical stints at the University of Oxford and Université de Montpellier. Lenski has mentored more than 25 graduate students and postdoctoral associates who are now on the faculties of universities around the United States and the world. He is a past president of the Society for the Study of Evolution, and he helped start the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, which brings together biologists, computer scientists, and engineers to illuminate and harness the power of evolution. Lenski has received fellowships from the Guggenheim and MacArthur Foundations, he holds an honorary degree from Wageningen University, and he is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the European Molecular Biology Organization, and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. | |
| 11 | Name: | Dr. Estella Bergere Leopold | | | Institution: | University of Washington | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | | | | |
Estella Leopold received her Ph.D. at Yale University in 1955. She was a research botanist for the U.S. Geological Survey from 1955-76, while also serving as an adjunct professor at the University of Colorado from 1967-76. In 1976 she moved to the University of Washington, where she was Director of the Quaternary Research Center until 1982, professor of botany and forest resources, 1976-89, and professor of botany and environmental studies, 1989-95. Dr. Leopold is currently Professor Emeritus of Botany and Adjunct Professor of Geological Sciences. She is a recipient of the Conservationist-of-the-Year Award from the Colorado Wildlife Federation, and the Wilbur Cross Medal from Yale University. She has served on many committees for the National Academy of Sciences, including the paleoanthropology delegation to China in 1975, and has served on the board of the Environmental Defense Fund and the National Audubon Society. She was president of the American Quaternary Association from 1982-84 and is past president and board chair of the Aldo Leopold Foundation. As one of the world's outstanding paleobotanists, Estella Leopold became the first botanist to identify from pollen the North American floras that existed in the Tertiary Period. In her 100 publications Dr. Leopold has concentrated on paleoclimate and evolution of modern forest types. Tracing evolutionary and extinction rates, she discovered that regional floral change has been closely linked with mountain building and volcanism. She established that grassy savanna co-evolved with large, hooved ungulates during the Miocene cooling. At Eniwetok, using fossil pollen from deep-sea cores, Dr. Leopold established proof of Darwin's concept that atolls evolved from sinking volcanoes. She is an active conservationist. Dr. Leopold was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2000. Her most recent book, Saved in Time, was published in 2012. In 2010 she won the Cosmos Prize from the Japan’s Expo ’90 Foundation. | |
| 12 | Name: | Dr. Simon Asher Levin | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | | |
Simon Levin received his Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of Maryland in 1964. In 1965 he joined the faculty of Cornell University and remained for more than twenty-five years, serving as the Charles A. Alexander Professor of Biological Sciences, director of the Ecosystem Research Center, and director of the Center for Environmental Research. He was also director of the Princeton Environmental Institute, 1993-98. At Princeton University since 1992, he is currently James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution. In addition, since 2001 he has served as director of the Center for Biocomplexity and associated faculty of the Princeton Environmental Institute. Simon Levin has been the leader in developing the theoretical foundation for the study of ecology and evolution of populations in heterogeneous environments. Implications and extensions of his work have been among the most influential in ecology and conservation biology. Alone and jointly with others, he developed the theory of evolution of populations in heterogeneous environments, and of implications for biodiversity. This led to his most far-reaching contributions, on problems of scale, self-organization of ecosystems, and mechanisms for extrapolation across scales. In recent years, has been a leader in sustainability science, the interface between ecology and economics. Dr. Levin received the MacArthur Award from the Ecological Society of America in 1988; the Distinguished Statistical Ecologist Award from INTERCOL in 1994; the "Most cited paper in the field of Ecology and Environment for the 1990s" from the Institute for Scientific Information in 2000; the Outstanding Paper in the Discipline of Landscape Ecology Award for 2001 from the U.S. Chapter of the International Association for Landscape Ecology; and the 1st Okubo Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001. He also received the Heineken Environmental Prize of the Royal Dutch Academy of Science in 2004, the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences in 2005, and the National Medal of Science in 2015. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and a Foreign Member of the Instituto Veneto. He also served as president of the Ecological Society of America and the Society of Mathematical Biology. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003. | |
| 13 | Name: | Dr. Gene E. Likens | | | Institution: | Institute of Ecosystem Studies | | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | | | | |
Gene Likens' work established some of the key concepts, methods, and findings of ecosystem ecology. He founded the Institute for Ecosystem Studies in 1983 and led it through 2007, serving as Director, President and G. Evelyn Hutchinson Chair in Ecology. Dr. Likens' research focuses on the biogeochemistry of forest and aquatic ecosystems. His long-term studies at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which he co-founded in 1963, have shed light on critical links between ecosystem functions and land use practices. He and his colleagues were the first scientists to document the link between the fossil fuel combustion and an increase in the acidity of precipitation in North America. His findings have influenced policy makers, motivated scientific studies, and increased public awareness of Human-Accelerated Environmental Change. Winner of the 2001 National Medal of Science, Dr. Likens is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1979) and the National Academy of Sciences (1981). He has been awarded the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology and Conservation Biology and the Franklin Institute's 2019 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Earth and Environmental Science. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1962. | |
| 14 | Name: | Dr. Jianguo Liu | | | Institution: | Michigan State University | | | Year Elected: | 2015 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1963 | | | | | | |
A human-environment scientist and sustainability scholar, Jianguo (Jack) Liu holds the Rachel Carson Chair in Sustainability, is University Distinguished Professor, and serves as director of the Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability at Michigan State University (MSU). Liu came to MSU after completing his postdoctoral work at Harvard University. He also has been a guest professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a visiting scholar at Stanford (2001-2002), Harvard (2008) and Princeton (2009).
Liu takes a holistic approach to addressing complex human-environmental challenges through systems integration (e.g., integration of ecology with social sciences). His broad research interests include coupled human and natural systems; global sustainability; telecouplings (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances); conservation; China's environment; and complex interactions among pandas, people, and policies. His work has been published in journals such as Nature and Science, and has been widely covered by the international news media (e.g., The New York Times, BBC, Xinhua News Agency). Liu has served on various international and national committees. He is a past president of the U.S. Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology (US-IALE). He also is a member of the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science magazine and leads the International Network of Research on Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS-Net.org).
In recognition of his efforts and achievements in research and service, Liu has been given many awards and honors. They include the Guggenheim Fellowship Award, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation, the Distinguished Service Award from US-IALE, the Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellowship from the Ecological Society of America, and the 2021 Gunnerus Sustainability Prize. | |
| 15 | Name: | Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy | | | Institution: | George Mason University; The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment | | | Year Elected: | 1999 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | Death Date: | December 25, 2021 | | | | | | |
Thomas Lovejoy received his Ph.D. from Yale University. He served as program director, vice president for science, and executive vice president of the World Wildlife Fund before his appointment as Science Advisor to the Secretary, United States Department of Interior, in 1993. He later became Counselor to the Secretary on Biodiversity and Environmental Affairs at the Smithsonian Institution, and Chief Biodiversity Advisor and Lead for Environment for Latin America and Caribbean for the World Bank. In 2002 he became president of the H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment, and served until 2008. He currently serves as the Heinz Center Biodiviersity Chair. In 2010 he joined the faculty of George Mason University where he has a joint appointment as University Professor in the Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Pulbic and International Affairs. Dr. Lovejoy is the recipient of numerous awards, including Commander, Order of Merit of Mato Grosso, Brazil; the Carr Medal of the Florida Museum of Natural History; the Frances K. Hutchinson Medal of The Garden Club of America; the Global 500 Roll of Honor of the United Nations Environment Program; the John Kimball Scott Award for International Health Leadership of the National Association of Physicians for the Environment; the Spirit of Defenders Award for Science from Defenders of Wildlife; and the 2014 Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service. He serves on the Board of Directors of the New York Botanical Garden, the American Institute of Biological Sciences, the World Resources Institute, Woods Hole Research Center, the Tropical Foundation and the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew. Thomas Lovejoy is one of the great modern pioneers of modern conservation biology and practice. In the late 1980s he conceived and initiated the Amazonian forest fragment project, "the world's largest biological experiment," which continues as a cornucopia of new information on tropical ecology and species extinction. In his work, among other advances, he discovered the "edge effect" of forest fragmentation, a key factor in ecological change, among other advances. Dr. Lovejoy is also an extraordinary integrator and leader in the intersection of science, government, and education, especially with reference to the global environment. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1999. | |
| 16 | Name: | Dr. Jane Lubchenco | | | Institution: | Oregon State University | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1947 | | | | | | |
Jane Lubchenco is an environmental scientist and marine ecologist who is actively engaged in teaching, research, synthesis and communication of scientific knowledge. She grew up in Colorado, received her Ph.D. and taught at Harvard University, then moved to Oregon State University, where she is Valley Professor of Marine Biology and Distinguished Professor of Zoology. In 2008 President Obama chose her to head the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 19, 2009. She stepped down from NOAA in February 2013 and spent the 2013 Spring quarter at Stanford University as the Mimi and Peter E. Haas Distinguished Visitor. In February 2021, she was appointed by President Joe Biden to serve as Deputy Director for Climate and Environment in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.
In 2015 she was awarded the John and Alice Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement and in 2017 she was awarded the National Academy of Sciences' Public Welfare Medal and the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy. In 2019 the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences awarded her its highest honor, the Centennial Medal, which "honors alumni who have made contributions to society that emerged from their graduate study at Harvard."
Dr. Lubchenco actively promotes science and communicates scientific knowledge in international and national arenas. Dr. Lubchenco is past president of the International Council for Science (the first woman president in the 75 year-old organization) and has also served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and of the Ecological Society of America.
She is serving a second term on the National Science Board, having been twice nominated by President Clinton and twice confirmed by the U.S. Senate. She is often invited to testify before Congress, address the United Nations, or provide scientific advice to the White House, federal and international agencies, non-governmental organizations, religious leaders and leaders of business and industry. She co-chaired Oregon Governor Ted Kulongoski's Advisory Group on Global Warming that recommended actions the state should take to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. She also founded and co-leads the Aldo Leopold Leadership Program that teaches outstanding academic environmental scientists to be more effective communicators of scientific information to the public, policy makers, the media and the private sector. | |
| 17 | Name: | Dr. Maclyn McCarty | | | Institution: | Rockefeller University | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | January 2, 2005 | | | | |
| 18 | Name: | Dr. Harold A. Mooney | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1932 | | | | | | |
Harold Mooney has played a leading role in the development of the international global change program, helping to forge links between physical, biological and social scientists. After receiving his Ph.D. from Duke University in 1960, he worked at the University of California, Los Angeles until 1968, when he joined the faculty at Stanford University, where he is currently Paul F. Achilles Professor of Environmental Biology. Throughout his career Dr. Mooney has led international research and synthesis programs on the ecology of biological invasions; the release of genetically engineered organisms; the use of ecosystem experiments; the ecosystem function of biodiversity; and the comparative structure and evolution of North and South American ecosystems and the consequences of human activities on the earth system responses of these systems. His research on the carbon balance of plants has provided a major theoretical framework for eco-physiological studies, and he has been instrumental in the incorporation of physiological understanding into ecosystem studies. Dr. Mooney has served on many editorial boards and ecological journals and on advisory committees, funding agencies and national laboratories. A prolific researcher, he has produced well over 350 scientific papers, books and articles, all of which have provided bridges between physiological ecology and other areas of ecology. He has been honored with membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and is the recipient of awards such as the Ecological Society of America's Mercer Award (1961) and the Max Planck Research Award (1992). | |
| 19 | Name: | Dr. Fernando Nottebohm | | | Institution: | Rockefeller University | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | | | | |
Argentine biologist Fernando Nottebohm has been at Rockefeller University since 1967 and a professor since 1976. He became director of the Rockefeller University Field Research Center for Ethology and Ecology in 1981. His investigations focused on diverse aspects of vocal learning in birds, from the ecological correlates of song dialect boundaries to neuronal replacement in adult brain. He described central pathways for the acquisition and production of learned song, then showed that several of the song nuclei were much larger in males than in females. These same nuclei also showed seasonal changes in size, as the levels of gonadal hormones changed cyclically and, in some species left side dominance which, however, could be reversed. Perhaps his most surprising finding was that some classes of song system neurons continued to be produced in adult brain, replacing, numerically, others that had died. Nottebohm and his colleagues described where these new neurons were born, the neurogenic stem cells and how the daughter cells migrated and eventually joined existing circuits. Dr. Nottebohm has received many awards for his work and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. | |
| 20 | Name: | Dr. Gene E. Robinson | | | Institution: | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | | | Year Elected: | 2021 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | | |
Gene E. Robinson obtained his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1986 and joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1989. He holds a University Swanlund Chair and Center for Advanced Study Professorship, is interim dean of the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences (2020-2021), director of the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB) and director of the Bee Research Facility, and is a former director of the campus Neuroscience Program. Robinson pioneered the application of genomics to the study of social behavior, led the effort to sequence the honey bee genome, authored or co-authored over 325 publications, and has trained 35 postdoctoral associates and 25 doctoral students, about half with faculty positions in academia. He served on the NIH National Institute of Mental Health Advisory Council, provided Congressional testimony, and has past and current appointments on scientific advisory boards for companies and foundations with significant interests in genomics. Dr. Robinson’s honors include: Fellow and Founders Memorial Award, Entomological Society of America; Fellow and Distinguished Behaviorist, Animal Behavior Society; Distinguished Scientist Award, International Behavioral Genetics Society; Guggenheim Fellowship; Fulbright Fellowship; NIH Pioneer Award; Honorary Doctorate, Hebrew University; Fellow, American Academy of Arts & Sciences; Wolf Prize in Agriculture; member, US National Academy of Sciences; member US National Academy of Medicine; and member, American Philosophical Society. | |
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